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Development of a Novel Echocardiographic Evaluation Method Quantifying the Variability of Intraventricular Blood Flow Velocity Vecto

Basic Information

Recruitment status	Pending
Health condition(s) or Problem(s) studied	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
Date of first enrollment	29/09/2025
Target sample size	50
Countries of recruitment
Study type	Observational
Intervention(s)

Outcome(s)

Primary Outcome

Primary Endpoint Age-group differences in energy loss (EL) derived from Vector Flow Mapping (VFM) analysis. The study evaluates changes in intracardiac hemodynamics associated with age and developmental stage by comparing EL values across different age groups. In addition to the conventional comparison between individuals aged (65 and 65 years, stratified analyses involving three or more age groups will be conducted as needed.

Secondary Outcome

Secondary Endpoint Comparison of energy loss (EL) values between healthy adults and patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). EL values obtained through Vector Flow Mapping (VFM) analysis will be compared between the following two groups: Healthy group (LVEF 50%) HFrEF group (patients with a history of myocardial infarction and reduced LVEF) This comparison aims to elucidate the characteristics of intracardiac energy loss associated with impaired cardiac function.

Key inclusion & exclusion criteria

Age minimum	Not applicable
Age maximum	Not applicable
Gender
Include criteria	Healthy Group (Control Group) No restriction on age or sex Underwent transthoracic echocardiography including Vector Flow Mapping (VFM) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50% Reduced Cardiac Function Group (HFrEF Group) History of myocardial infarction Underwent transthoracic echocardiography including Vector Flow Mapping (VFM)
Exclude criteria	Individuals receiving outpatient treatment for arrhythmia (including those with implanted pacemakers; however, those with only premature contractions are not excluded) Individuals with moderate or severe valvular disease (aortic or mitral valve) Individuals with a history of heart failure who have been previously hospitalized (applies only to the healthy group) Individuals undergoing maintenance dialysis Any other individuals deemed inappropriate for participation in this study by the principal investigator or attending physician Even in the case of pediatric subjects (e.g. preschool or school-age children), the above exclusion criteria shall generally apply. However, the presence or absence of relevant diagnoses or treatment history, as well as medical eligibility, shall be judged clinically according to age and developmental stage.